Explanation:

The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted for protection of plants and animal species. Before 1972, India only had five designated national parks. Among other reforms, the Act established schedules of protected plant and animal species; hunting or harvesting these species was largely outlawed. 

 The Act provides for the protection of wild animals, birds and plants; and for matters connected therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto. It extends to the whole of India, except the State of Jammu and Kashmir which has its own wildlife act. It has six schedules which give varying degrees of protection. 

• Schedule I and part II of Schedule II provide absolute protection - offences under these are prescribed the highest penalties. 
• Species listed in Schedule III and Schedule IV are also protected, but the penalties are much lower. 
• Schedule V includes the animals which may be hunted. 
• The specified endemic plants in Schedule VI are prohibited from cultivation and planting. 
• The hunting to the Enforcement authorities have the power to compound offences under this Schedule (i.e. they impose fines on the offenders). Up to April 2010 there have been 16 convictions under this act relating to the death of tigers.