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Why do Medical Researchers use Mice for their experiments?
1. Their rate of reproduction is relatively high
2. The number of Chromosomes in Human and Mice are equal
3. High similarity in the structure and function of many DNA elements in human and mice
Select the correct answer from codes given below
Only 1 is correct
1 and 2 are correct
1, 2 and 3 are correct
1 and 3 are correct
Second statement is incorrect because the number of chromosomes in human and mice are not equal. Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes (22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes), giving a total of 46 per cell. Mice have 20 chromosomes in their haploid genome (thus 40 chromosomes in all). The haploid genome is about 3 pictograms, similar to humans. The gene order of the genomes of mice and humans are conserved (synteny) although there are rearrangements, several per chromosome. Scientists and researchers rely on mice and rats for several reasons. One is convenience: rodents are small, easily housed and maintained, and adapt well to new surroundings. They also reproduce quickly and have a short lifespan of two to three years, so several generations of mice can be observed in a relatively short period of time. Mice and rats are also relatively inexpensive and can be bought in large quantities from commercial producers that breed rodents specifically for research. The rodents are also generally mild-tempered and docile, making them easy for researchers to handle, although some types of mice and rats can be more difficult to restrain than others. Most of the mice and rats used in medical trials are inbred so that, other than sex differences, they are almost identical genetically. This helps make the results of medical trials more uniform. Another reason rodents are used as models in medical testing is that their genetic, biological and behavior characteristics closely resemble those of humans, and many symptoms of human conditions can be replicated in mice and rats. Mice are also used in behavioral, sensory, aging, nutrition and genetic studies, as well as testing anti-craving medication that could potentially end drug addiction.
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