Which of the following is not a part of Sufism ........

Ancient and Medival History Religion and Philosopjhy

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Which of the following is not a part of Sufism?

The elements of love and devotion as effective means of the realization of God.

Without guidance of a guru, spiritual development is impossible.

External conduct is more important than inner purity.

Emphasis on pilgrimage and performance of prayers.

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Explanation:

Sufism, known as tasawwuf in the Arabic-speaking world, is a form of Islamic mysticism that emphasizes introspection and spiritual closeness with God. Sufis laid great emphasis on love as the bond between God and individual soul. Their practices like penance, fasting , holding breath were influenced by Hindu yogic practices and Buddhism.

Sufi orders are broadly classified into two: Ba-shara, which follows islamic law (sharia) and Be-shara, which is not bound by islamic law. Sama or musical recitations were adopted to create a mood of nearness to God.

Famous Sufis: Rabia (eigth century), Mansur bin Hallaj (tenth century), Al Ghazzali (1112)