Consider the following statements The process of turning sediment into hard rock layers by pressure ...........

Geography NCERT

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Consider the following statements.

The process of turning sediment into hard rock layers by pressure is known as lithification.
Shale is an example of mechanically formed sedimentary rock.
Sedimentary rocks are also known as stratified rocks

Which of the following statements given above are correct?

1 and 2

1 and 3

2 and 3

All of the above

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Explanation:

Lithification is a complex process whereby freshly deposited loose grains of sediment are converted into rock. Sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers with period of time, thats why they are called stratified rocks.

Common examples of clastic / mechanically formed sedimentary rocks include : Sandstone {cemented sand grains}, Siltstone {Cemented silt particles}, Congomerate {sandstone containing pebbles of hard rocks}, Mudstone {mainly silt and clay}, Claystone {mainly clay} and shale {clay and mud rock which breaks easily into flat flakes and plates}.

Examples of Chemically precipitated rocks are: Limestone {Calcium Carbonate, formed by precipitation on sea or lake floors}, Dolomite {Magnesium and Calcium Carbontes}, Chert {a microcrystalline form of silica} and Evaporites {minerals formed by evaporation of salty solutions in shallow inland lakes or coastal lagoons}.