Explanation:

Hindu communalism spread most effectively and extensively through the Cow Protection movement. This movement converted riots from being merely stray incidents to becoming a part of long-term campaigns. The movement originated in Arya Samaj campaigns that began in the last year of Swami Dayanand Saraswati’s life, 1883, when he established the first Gaurakshini Sabha and wrote the book Gaukarunanidhi. The movement grew rapidly after his death and led to many riots.

Atmiya Sabha was a philosophical discussion circle in India. The association was started by Ram Mohan Roy in 1815 in Kolkata (then Calcutta). They used to conduct debate and discussion sessions on philosophical topics, and also used to promote free and collective thinking and social reform