Explanation:

Embryo Transfer Technology (ETT) is a technique used to increase the reproduction rate of cows and buffaloes. Theoretically, a cow/ a buffalo can produce one calf a year that makes its reproductive rate lower. Every 21 days it comes into heat and releases one egg (ovum).
If the animal is mated to a bull at the right time during the heat or inseminated artificially, the egg is fertilized which results into a pregnancy. The animal would deliver a calf after about 280 days of gestation in cows and 310 days in buffaloes.
Due to low reproduction rate, the genetic contribution of cows to next generation was minimal. However, the bull at the same time (one year) can make about 10000 cows pregnant and thus contributes its genes to large number of animals in future population.
However, with ET, now a cow can produce 5-10 calves in a year. Embryo transfer simply means collection of an embryo from a donor female and its transfer to the uterus of a recipient female of the same species. For a successful transfer it is essential that the embryo should be of transferable quality and at the Stage of “compact morula” or “blastocyst”), the estrus cycles of both donor and recipient females be properly synchronized, and both collection and transfer procedures are carried out in most hygienic environment without even slightest injury to genitalia of either donor or recipient.
All these requirements make the technique a difficult one to be propagated under village conditions. Theoretically, an embryo can be collected from a cow every 35-40 days i.e. about 10 embryos in a year. However, scientists now have evolved methods for stimulating the ovaries of a cow to produce many eggs in a cycle by injecting FSH hormone

This process is known as Superovulation.
Justification: Statement 1: It should be clear from the concept described above.
Statement 2: Transgenesis is the process of introducing an exogenous gene, called a transgene, into a living organism so that the organism will exhibit a new property and transmit that property to its offspring. S3 and 4: For e.g. Department of Animal husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries in co-operation with 12 States has undertaken a Mass Embryo Transfer programme in Indigenous Breeds under the scheme, National Mission on Bovine Productivity.
Under this scheme, embryos of higher genetic merit indigenous bovines are being transferred in to surrogate cows. Embryos of Indigenous breeds such as Sahiwal, Gir, Red Sindhi, Ongole, Deoni and Vechur have been proposed to be transferred under this programme.
Through the use of ETT, (i) a farmer can get a 5-6 fold increase in number of offsprings , (ii) the calves so born will be of high genetic merit and (iii) the offsprings born will be free from diseases.
It has been planned to carry out 440 embryo transfers during October 2-10, 2017 throughout the country