Explanation:

Black soil, also known as Regur soil, is characterized by its high fertility and dark color. It is rich in minerals like calcium, magnesium, and potassium, making it highly suitable for agriculture. Black soil is well-known for its ability to retain moisture and nutrients, making it ideal for crops like cotton, wheat, and sugarcane. This soil type is found in regions with a semi-arid climate, such as the Deccan Plateau in India.

Alluvial soil (option a) is characterized by its deposition by rivers and streams, and it is generally fertile but varies in color. Red soil (option b) is red in color due to its high iron content and is found in tropical and subtropical regions, but it is generally less fertile. Laterite soil (option d) is red in color and forms in areas with high rainfall and high temperatures; it tends to be low in fertility due to leaching of nutrients.