Consider the following about the provision of tribunals as under Article 323 of the Constitution of ...........

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Consider the following about the provision of tribunals as under Article 323 of the Constitution of India.

1) Tribunals can be established both by Parliament and state legislatures.

2) Tribunals can be established only to settle either disciplinary or taxation matters.

Which of the above is/are correct?

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

None

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Explanation:

Articles 323A and 323B both deal with tribunals. While tribunals under Article 323 A can be established only by Parliament, tribunals under Article 323 B (e.g. food stuffs, tenancy etc) can be established both by Parliament and state legislatures with respect to matters falling within their legislative competence. Under Article 323A, only one tribunal for the Centre and one for each state or two or more states may be established. There is no question of hierarchy of tribunals under 323A, whereas under Article 323B a hierarchy of tribunals may be created.