Tuberculosis TB in India is under reported Which of the following can be the appropriate reason s fo...........

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Tuberculosis (TB) in India is under-reported. Which of the following can be the appropriate reason(s) for the same?

1.TB, as a disease condition, is stigmatized in the country.

2.We lack the technique to detect Multi-drug resistant TB.

3.TB skin and blood tests, that are quite popular, are not cent percent effective in detecting TB.

Select the correct answer using the codes below.

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

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Explanation:

Statement 1: This is especially true in rural areas where the patients are often subject to humiliation and social boycott. So, many choose not to report TB.
However, it is important to understand that Many people who have latent TB infection (as detected by a test) never develop active TB disease.
Only if that person's immune system gets weak, the infection can quickly turn into active TB disease. Statement 2: Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is TB that does not respond to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the 2 most powerful anti-TB drugs.
There are many facilities that can detect such TB.
Statement 3: In 2011, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a recommendation to ban active tuberculosis (TB) blood tests.
Reports in India indicated, for instance, that over one million such blood tests for active TB were being used annually. The literature on these tests has always been rather controversial.
The unreliability of these tests is a serious risk for any person subjected to them, as the result is that some people will not be treated for TB when they need it while others may receive treatment when they do not. So, there is no cent per cent effectiveness of these tests and thus often the disease is under-reported.

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