Citizenship is not merely a legal concept It is also closely related to larger notions of equality a...........

Indian Polity Citizenship

Citizenship is not merely a legal concept. It is also closely related to larger notions of equality and rights. The key ideas or principles inherent in the citizenship of a democratic state is that

1) Citizenship helps ensures equality among citizens by countering the divisive effects of class hierarchy.

2) Civil rights of a citizen help protect her life, liberty and property.

3) Citizenship rights enable an individual to participate in the process of governance.

Select the Solution using the codes below.

1 and 3 only

1 and 2 only

3 only

1, 2 and 3

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Explanation:

A widely accepted formulation of the relationship between citizenship and rights was provided by the British sociologist, T.H.Marshall (1893-1981).
In his book Citizenship and Social Class (1950), Marshall defined citizenship as “a status bestowed on those who are full members of a community.
All who possess the status are equal with respect to the rights and duties with which the status is endowed.
” The key concept in Marshall’s idea of citizenship is that of ‘equality’.
This implies two things: first, that quality of the given rights and duties improves.
Second, that the quantity of people upon whom they are bestowed grows.
Marshall sees citizenship as involving three kinds of rights: civil, political and social.
Civil rights protect the individual’s life, liberty and property.
Political rights enable the individual to participate in the process of governance.
Social rights give the individual access to education and employment.
Together they make it possible for the citizen to lead a life of dignity.
Marshall saw social class as a ‘system of inequality’.
Citizenship ensures equality by countering the divisive effects of class hierarchy.
It thus facilitates the creation of a better-integrated and harmonious community.