The Bhakti literature by the Nayanamars and Alvars ........

Modern Indian History 1857-1885

The Bhakti literature by the Nayanamars and Alvars:

Opposed the practice of image worship.

Advocate the austerities preached by the Buddhist and Jains

Preached personal devotion of God as a means of salvation.

Stressed the rigidities of traditional rituals

3rd option is correct.
The Bhakti literature by the Nayanamars and Alvars preached personal devotion of God as a means of salvation.

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