Consider the following statements 1 Balban had introduced Diwan i arz 2 Sijada and Paibos were the I...........

Ancient and Medival History Sultanate Period

Consider the following statements:

1. Balban had introduced Diwan-i-arz.

2. Sijada and Paibos were the Islamic practices restarted by Balban.

3. Balban administered justice with extreme impartiality.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Explanation: Era of Balban (1246-1287)

Ghiyasuddin Balban, who was also known as Ulugh Khan, served as Naib or regent to Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud.
In 1266 Nasiruddin Mahmud died without issues and Balban ascended the throne.
According to Balban, the Sultan was God’s shadow on Earth and the recipient of divine grace.
Balban introduced rigorous court discipline and new UnIslamic customs such as prostration and kissing the Sultan’s feet (Paibos and Sijada) to prove his superiority over the nobles, which he copied from Iran. Hence, statement 2 is NOT correct.
He also introduced the Persian festival of Nauroz to impress the nobles and people with his wealth and power.
He stood forth as the champion of Turkish nobility. At the same time, he did not share power with other nobles. Indian Muslims were not given important posts in the government.
Balban paid more attention to the restoration of law and order. He established a separate military department - diwan-i-arz – and reorganized the army. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
In order to win the confidence of the public, he administered justice with extreme impartiality. Hence, statement 3 is correct.