Isopleth

 Line Drawn On The Map Along Which The Value Of A Particular Phenomenon Or Product Is Uniform.  Some Important Isopleths Are Discussed Here.

Isanomal

 Isopleth of anomaly.

Isarithm

 Any line representing continuous value on maps.

Isobars

 Lines of equal pressure.

Isobaths

 Lines of equal depth in sea.

Isobronts

 Lines joining places experiencing a thunderstorm at the same time.

Isochrones

 Lines joining places located at equal travel time from a common centre.

Isogonals

 Lines joining places with same magnetic declination.

Isohalines

 Isopleths of salinity.

Isohels

 Isopleths of equal amount of sun-shine

Isohyet

 Isopleth of rainfall.

Isohypse or contour lines

 Isopleths of elevation above sea level.

Isonif

 Isopleth of amount of snow.

Isophene

 Isopleth of seasonal phenomena for example flowering dates of plants.

Isopotential

 Surface to which artesian water can rise.

Isorymes

 Lines of equal frost.

Isoseismals

 Lines of equal seismic activity.

Isotherms

 Isopleths of temperature.

Isthmus

  A narrow strip of plant joining two land masses, for example, the Isthmus of Panama joining North and South America.

SOBRIQUETS

Bengal’s Sorrow: Damodar River

Blue Mountains: Nilgiri Hills

China’s Sorrow: Hwang Ho

City of Eternal Springs: Quito (South America)

City of Magnificent Distance: Washington DC, USA

City of Palaces: Kolkata

City of Seven Hills: Rome

City of Skyscrapers: New York

City of the Golden Gate: San Francisco

City of the Golden Temple; Amritsar

Cockpit of Europe: Belgium

Dark Continent: Africa

Emerald Island: Ireland

Eternal City: Rome

Gateway of Tears: Strait of Bab-el Mandeb (Jerusalem, Palestine)

George Cross Island: Malta

Gift of the Nile: Egypt

Granite City: Aberdeen

Great White Way: Broadway, New York

Hermit Kingdom: Korea

Herring Pond: Atlantic Ocean

Holy City: Jerusalem

Holy Land: Palestine

Island of Pearls: Bahrain

Key to the Mediterranean: Gibraltar

Land of Maple leaf: Canada

Land of Morning Calm: Korea

Land of Rising Sun: Japan

Land of the Golden Fleece: Australia

Land of the Golden Pagoda; Myanmar

Land of the Kangaroo: Australia

Land of the Midnight Sun: Norway

Land of Thousand Lakes: Finland 

Land of White Elephants: Thailand

Land of Thunderbolt: Bhutan

Never Never Land: Prairies of N. Australia

Garden Province of South Africa: Natal

Pillars of Hercules: Gibraltar

Pink City: Jaipur

Playground of Europe: Switzerland

Quaker City: Philadelphia

Queen of the Adriatic: Venice, Italy

Queen of the Arabian Sea: Kochi

Roof of the World: Pamirs

Sick Man of Europe: Turkey

Spice Garden of India: Kerala

Sugar Bowl of the World: Cuba

Venice of the North: Stockholm, Sweden

White City: Belgrade, Serbia & Montenegro

World’s Bread Basket: Prairies of N. America

World’s Loneliest Island: Tristan da Cunha

SOUTH AMERICAN IN FIGURE

Leading Agriculture Producers:

Coffee

Brazil

Cotton

Brazil

Soyabean

Brazil

Wheat

Argentina

Sugarcane

Argentina

Sunflower

Argentina

Beef

Argentina

Fisheries

Peru

Leading Miner Producers:

Mineral Oil

Venezuela (Maracaibo lake)

Tar

Trinidad (Pitch lake)

Iron-ore

Brazil (Itabira and Carajas)

Copper

Chile (Chiquicamata)

Tin

Bolivia (Potosi)

Nitrates

Chile (Atacama)

Phosphates

Peru

Bauxite

Surinam & Guyana

Silver

Mexico

AFRICAN DAMS AND FALLS

DAMS/FALLS

RIVER

COUNTRY

Aswan Dam

(World Biggest)

Nile

Egypt

Kariba Dam

Zambezi

Zimbabwe and Zambia

Kanji Dam

Niger

Nigeria

Cobora Bassa Dam

Zambezi

Mozambique

Akosombo Dam

Volta

Ghana

Victoria Falls

Zambezi

Zambia-Zimbabwe

Stanley Falls

Zaire

Congo

Owen Falls

Lake Alberta

Uganda

MAJOR TRIBES OF AFRICA

TRIBES

REGION

Bushmen

Kalahari

Hottentots

Kalahari

Pygmies

Congo basin

Masais

Kenya (East Africa)

Bantus

Central & S. Africa

Berbers

 Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia

Fulanis

Western Africa

Husas

Western Africa

Yorabas

Nigeria

Ibos

Nigeria

Tuaregs

Sahara Desert

Kikuyus

Kenya

Zulu

South Africa

Ashanti

Ghana

Yacoba

Ivory Coast

AFRICAN NEW & OLD NAMES

OLD NAME

NEW NAME

Leopoldville

Kinshasa

Elizabethville

Lubumbashi

North Rhodesia

Zambia

South Rhodesia

Zimbabwe

Zaire

Democratic Republic of Congo

Gold Coast

Ghana

SW. Africa

Namibia

Nyasaland

Malawi

Katanga

Shaba

Abyssinia

Ethiopia

Stanleyville

Kisangani

Basutoland

Lesotho

Bechuanaland

Botswana

Malagasy

Madagascar

Salisbury

Harare

Dahomey

Benin

New Hebrides

Vanuatu

Spanish Guinea

Equatorial Guinea

Upper Volta

Burkina Faso

Govt. Reports in Colors

White Paper: Indian government’s Report, which is published with facts.

Yellow Book: Report of French government or publications

Blue Book: Report of British government or publications

Green Book: Report of Italy and Iran Government or Publications

Grey Book: Report of Japan and Belgium Government or Publications

White Book: Report of Portugal, China and German Govt. of Publications

Orange Book: Report of The Netherlands Governments or Publication

COLOUR Revolutions

Green Revolutions: Crops especially Wheat’s production.

Blue Revolutions: Fisheries or ocean lives production.

White Revolution: Milk production.

Brown Revolution: Discovery of non-conventional energy sources.

Yellow Revolution: Production of oil-seeds. 

SOLAR SYSTEM : FACT FILE

Mercury is the nearest planet to the Sun.

Venus is the nearest planet to the Earth.

Neptune was the farthest from the sun during 1979-99

Now Pluto is the farthest from the sun after 1999 for the next 228 years.

Venus is the hottest planet, 97% of its atmosphere is CO₂.

Jupiter is the biggest planet.

Earth is the densest planet.

Venus is the brightest planet.

Earth is the Blue Planet.

Mars is the Red Planet.

Venus is the Morning and Evening Star.

Venus is also called the Earth’s twin.

Saturn and Uranus are known as the planets with rings.

Mercury has the shortest year.

Mercury has the maximum diurnal range of temperature.

Saturn has maximum number of satellites.

Jupiter is the fastest rotating planet.

Venus is the slowest rotating planet.

Venus has the same period of rotation as revolution.

The length of the day is nearly same on the planet Mars as that of the Earth.

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are the Jovian planets.

Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are the inner planets.

Venus rotates from East to West.

Uranus rotates from North to South.

Mercury is the fastest revolving planet.

Planets revolve around the sun in anticlockwise direction.

Earth is the largest of the terrestrial planets.

MEDITERRANEAN REGION

Mediterranean lands are known as World’s orchard lands. The orchards generally have citrus fruits. Great Valley of California, the value of Chile, the Negev Desert of Israel have elaborate Irrigation systems for orchards.

Region

Oranges

California

Sunkist

Spain

Seville

Tangier

Tangerine

China & Japan

Mandarin

Commercial viticulture is specific to Mediterranean as around 85% of grapes produced go to wine making.

Wine is a national drink in Spain, Portugal, France & Italy.

Region

Wine

Paris basin:

Sunkist

Garonne

Sauternes

Rhone Valley

Burgundy

Italy

Chianti, Asti, Marsala,

Levantine

Currants

California

Raisins

Asia Minor

Sultanas

World Famous Temperate Grasslands:

Pustaz

Hungary

Prairies

North America

Pampas

Argentina

Bush Veld

North Part of South Africa

High Veld

South part of Temperate region of South Africa

Downs

Murray-Darling Basin/Australia