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Science Affairs Chemistry

Hard water causes gray or white deposits when water is heated. Water softening can be used to reduce these symptoms.. Water softening is the process in which

1. Impurities are removed from water

2. Dissolved calcium ions are removed from hard water

3. Dissolved magnesium ions are removed from hard water

4. Water is boiled for extracting all salts from it

1 and 2

2 and 3

1 and 4

1, 2 and 4

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Explanation:

Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water.
The resulting softwater is more compatible with soap and extends the lifetime of plumbing. Water
The four types of water softeners are Ion exchange, salt free, reverse osmosis and magnetic.
The hardness or softness of water is determined by the mineral content of both calcium and magnesium: Soft water has less than 17 parts per million. Slightly hard water has 17 to 60 parts per million. Moderately hard water has 60 to 120 parts per million