Trends in Domestic, international, inter-district,intra-district interstate and intrastate and factors associated with it.

Domestic and international migrants 

• • Domestic and international migrants are remarkably similar in many respects but differ in terms of the driving factors, and the distance.
  • The overseas Indian is usually loved and praised for his drive and ambition.
  • The domestic Indian migrant is often put down, seen as someone who steals jobs and burdens the local economy. 
  • The one big difference in national and international migration relates to the pull of the immediate neighborhood
• The relation between domestic migration and proximity
• Domestic migration in India remains a story largely of proximity. 
• Internal migrants seeking a better life, but as close to home as possible. 
• The trend suggests, Intradistrict >Inter-district> inter-state migration
• But the most recent migrants are most likely to move out of their state.

• •  Delhi gets the most migrants from the northern states surrounding.

•  Mumbai sees most migration from Maharashtra, and substantial migration from neighboring Gujarat and Karnataka.

• The top destination states of all time for Indian domestic migrants are Maharashtra, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, and Haryana.
• In most recent years Maharashtra and Delhi remained the top two destinations. But after Gujarat and Haryana, Karnataka came in at fifth and UP slid to the sixth spot.
• Countries where Indian flock:
• The top five countries with Indian immigrants are the United Arab Emirates, the United States of America, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Oman.
• India’s immediate neighborhood south Asia, on the other hand, holds little attraction for its outbound immigrants.
• The large numbers of Indians in south Asian countries is largely a historical artifact, brought about by the partitions of India and later Pakistan.
• The industrial magnet of West Asia has dominated international migration from India for decades, with North America following some distance behind.
• Gender factor in domestic and international migration
• One significant difference between domestic and international migration is the gender skew. 
• International migration is overwhelmingly male as Just half as many Indian international migrants are female as are male.
•  This is largely driven by migration to the Gulf states.
•  The immigrant population in the US is more gender-equal. 
• In Canada, female Indian immigrants outnumber males. 
• Feminization of Domestic migration -is driven by marriage.
• The practice of marrying within one’s caste but outside one’s village has ensured that migration within India is heavily feminized.
• Variation in skill among the migrants 
• Migration is occurring at both ends of the skill spectrum. 
• The rate of illiteracy is higher among migrants than non-migrants.
• The migrants are also more likely to be graduates and post-graduates than non-migrants. 
• Variation in employment among the migrant and non-migrant
• Migrants are more likely to be employed for the majority of the year than non–migrants.

• • However,  on account of the large share of women among migrants and women are less likely to be employed.
• Among men aged 20 and above, the share of those who worked for most of the year was the same among migrants and non-migrants.

• • In 2018, there were more than three hundred thousand such workers who traveled to the 18 “Emigration Check Required” (ECR)  countries in the Gulf and South East.
  • 78% of Indian immigrants to the US have at least a bachelor’s degree as compared to just 31.6 percent for the native-born population.
• Indians in the US have lower unemployment rates than the native-born population.
• Income inequality among migrants and non-migrants
• Migrants are often better off and fairly educated than those they leave behind, 
• They are more likely to find work and send money home.

Both the domestic and international migrants are helping strengthen the local and home economy. One common pattern is the tendency to move to more affluent geographies within and without the country in search of a better life.