With reference to the schools of philosophy prevalent in ancient India consider the following statem...........

Culture of India Religious beliefs and Practises

With reference to the schools of philosophy prevalent in ancient India, consider the following statements about Samkhya:

1. It was propounded by Charvaka.

2. It believes that real knowledge can be acquired through observation, influence and words.

3. Elements of materialistic philosophy are found in the Samkhya system.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct

1 only

2 only

2and 3 only

1,2 and 3

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Explanation:

Statement 1 is not correct: Kapila was the founder of the Samkhya School. Based on the Upanishads, two schools of philosophy developed in India:

The realistic (e.g. Samkhya)
The idealistic (e.g.Vedanta).
The Samkhya philosophy combines the basic doctrines of Samkhya and Yoga. However, the Samkhya represents the theory and Yoga represents the application or the practical aspects.

Statement 2 is correct: Samkhya system believes that the soul can attain liberation only through real knowledge. Real knowledge can be acquired through observation, inference, and words.

Statement 3 is correct: Kapila's primary principle is that the world is material. Matter (Prakriti) is the basis of everything that is, it is omnipresent, eternal, and one. The motion of Prakriti is just as eternal as Prakriti itself. Primordially, Prakriti has no outside cause, for matter (Prakriti) has neither beginning nor end. Kapila wrote that the world was not created, and therefore there was no creator; the world itself was the cause of the world; the world developed gradually. Thus he rules out the existence of God. Samkhya argues that if God exists and if God is eternal and unchanging as is widely claimed, then he can not be the cause of the world. A cause has to be active and changing.

Charvaka propounded another materialistic philosophy known as Lokayata.