Biodiversity -Impacts on related ecosystems (for example fisheries) Land losses - Both inland and coastal through erosion Hydrological function - Change in water flows, flood regulation and marine currents Water supply - Through lowering of the water table and pollution Infrastructures - Damage to bridges, river embankments and coastal infrastructures Climate - Directly through transport emissions, indirectly through cement production Landscape - Coastal erosion, changes in deltaic structures, quarries, pollution of rivers Extreme events - Decline of protection against extreme events (flood, drought, storm surge)