• Indian Prime Minster and U.S. President Trump are to address the Indian American community in Houston, U.S.
• Here is a look at what it means to India’s diaspora diplomacy.

How did the Indian diaspora evolve?

• There was significant Indian migration (both labour and capital) during the 19th century.
• With this, the diaspora became an important part of the emergence of India as a nation in the first half of the 20th century.
• But, there was fear in many newly independent nations that the Indians might become a potential fifth column (a group within a country at war who are sympathetic to or working for its enemies).
• There was also widespread resentment in some parts of Afro-Asia against the privileged economic positions that Indians held in the colonial era.

How significant has it become?

• The Indian diaspora (including non-resident Indians and persons of Indian origin) is estimated to be more than 30 million and is growing.
• Its substantive concentration is in the Anglo-American world, the Gulf and the former colonies of the British empire.
• Increasingly, its presence is growing beyond these traditional areas.
• The political and economic influence of the diaspora is also increasing in the host nations.
• U.S. - Nowhere is the presence of the Indian diaspora more expansive than in the US.
• As a rich and accomplished minority, the Indian-American community has become influential in all walks of life in the US.
• Within the US, Texas, California, New York and Illinois are among the states that host large Indian-American communities.
• Houston is among the top 10 American cities hosting the Indian-American community.

How has Delhi’s approach to diaspora evolved?

• Delhi consciously distanced itself from the diasporic communities in the 1950s and 1960s due to nationalist backlash against the Indian communities in Africa and Asia.
• As India turned inwards, it did not pay attention to the “brain drain” happening; many well-trained Indians began to look for opportunities elsewhere.
• It was only in the late 1980s that Delhi began to rethink its approach to the diaspora.
• PM Rajiv Gandhi was the first to appreciate the potential role diaspora could play in advancing national development and improving India’s ties with the US.
• As he launched the reform era, P V Narasimha Rao sought investments from the diaspora.
• Further, Atal Bihari Vajpayee formalised India’s engagement with the diaspora by institutionalising the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas.

How significant is the Houston gathering?

• The political role of the diaspora has been valuable for Delhi in the US.
• E.g. in the last decade, the diaspora has generated the much needed political support in the US Congress for changing the American non-proliferation laws and facilitating civil nuclear cooperation with India
• For Modi, the Houston engagement is a continuation of his political investment in engaging the Indian diaspora.
• It is based on the recognition that a large and successful diaspora has widened India’s footprint and can contribute to domestic and international goals.
• Modi went beyond demanding that the diaspora do more for India. He promised that India would do more for them as well.
• India’s diaspora engagement in America could also help elevate the strategic partnership with the US to a higher level.