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Indian Polity Judiciary

Assertion (A): Indian Constitution provides for a single integrated system of courts for the Union as well as the states which administer both Union and the State laws and at the head of the entire system stands the Supreme Court of India

Reason (R): The High Court is the supreme judicial tribunal of the state having both original and appellate jurisdiction.

Codes:

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

A is true but R is false

A is false but R is true

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Explanation:

1. One of the unique features of the Indian Constitution is that, notwithstanding the adoption of a federal system and existence of Central Acts and State Acts in their respective spheres, it has generally provided for a single integrated system of Courts to administer both Union and State laws. At the apex of the entire judicial system, exists the Supreme Court of India below which are the High Courts in each State or group of States. Below the High Courts lies a hierarchy of Subordinate Courts. Panchayat Courts also function in some States under various names like Nyaya Panchayat, Panchayat Adalat, Gram Kachheri, etc. to decide civil and criminal disputes of petty and local nature.

2. There are total 24 High Courts in our country. The High Courts are the principal civil courts of original jurisdiction in each state and union territory. In some matters cases can be directly filed in the High Courts. This is Called the original jurisdiction of the High Court. These cases are related to fundamental rights, election cases, and Marriage and divorce.

The High Court also has appellate jurisdiction over both civil and criminal cases. It can hear appeal on civil cases tried by the Courts of Munsifs and District Judges. In criminal cases, the jurisdiction extends to cases tried by the Sessions and Additional Sessions Judges.