Consider the following interactions amongst different species Lichens are formed by the association ...........

Environment and Ecology NCERT

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Consider the following interactions amongst different species:

Lichens are formed by the association of algae and fungi.
E. Coli lives in large intestine of human beings.
Jackals follow a lion or tiger for obtaining food
Coral reefs are formed by the association of algae and coelenterates.
Birds feed on ticks and lice present on the body surface of the cattle.

Which of the above interaction are examples of mutualism or symbiosis?

1,2,3 and 4 only

1 and 4 only

2,3,4 and 5 only

1,3,4 and 5 only

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Explanation:

statement 1 and statement 4 is the interaction between two organisms which is an example of mutualism or symbiosis. Statement 2 and 3 is an example of commensalism. Statement 5 is an example of protocooperation.Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species benefits. Symbiosis is the interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both. Commensalism a relationship between individuals of two specie in which one species obtains food or other benefits from the other without either harming or benefiting the latter.Protocooperation is where two species interact with each other beneficially; they have no need to interact with each other - they interact purely for the gain that they receive from doing this.