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Chapter- 1 Resources
Chapter- 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources
SOIL
DEGRADATION OF SOIL AND CONSERVATION MEASURES-
Factors which lead to soil degradation are deforestation, overgrazing, overuse of chemical fertilizers or pesticides, rain wash, landslides and floods.
Some methods of soil conservation are-
CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments. It aims to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Forests are broadly classified as evergreen and deciduous depending on when they shed their leaves The animals are poached for collection and illegal trade of hides, skins, nails, teeth, horns as well as feathers. Some of these animals are tiger, lion, elephant, deer, black buck, crocodile, rhinoceros, snow leopard, ostrich and peacock. Conservation by generating awareness through programmes like Vanamohatasava, international convention CITES
CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments.
NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE
Chapter- 3 Mineral and Power Resources
Conventional Sources of Energy
Coal-
Petroleum-
Natural Gas-
Hydel Power-
NON-CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY
Wind Energy-
Windfarms are found in Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, UK, USA and Spain are noted for their wind energy production.
Nuclear Power-
Geothermal Energy-
TIDAL ENERGY-
Russia, France and the Gulf of Kachchh in India have huge tidal mill farms
DISTRIBUTION OF MINERALS
DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA
ASIA
EUROPE
NORTH AMERICA
SOUTH AMERICA
AFRICA
AUSTRALIA
ANTARCTICA
Chapter- 4 Agriculture
Types OF Farming
A. Subsistence Farming
Jhumming - North-East India Milpa -Mexico Roca - Brazil Ladang - Malaysia
B. Commercial Farming-
WATER
Water Conservation-
Agriculture The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing livestock. It is also called farming. Sericulture Commercial rearing of silk worms. It may supplement the income of the farmer Pisciculture Breeding of fish in specially constructed tanks and ponds Viticulture Cultivation of grapes Horticulture Growing vegetables, flowers and fruits for commercial use.
Agriculture
The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing livestock. It is also called farming.
Sericulture
Commercial rearing of silk worms. It may supplement the income of the farmer
Pisciculture
Breeding of fish in specially constructed tanks and ponds
Viticulture
Cultivation of grapes
Horticulture
Growing vegetables, flowers and fruits for commercial use.
Major Crops
Rice-
Wheat-
Millets-
Chapter- 5 Industries
Classification of Industries-
Raw Materials based-
Size-
Small scale and large scale industries
Ownership-
Factors Affecting Location of Industries
Distribution Of Major Industries
Iron and Steel Industry-
Cotton Textile Industry-
Information Technology-
Jamshedpur
Pittsburgh-
Ahmedabad-
Osaka-
Chapter 6 Human Resources Distribution of Population
Density of Population
Population Change
Population Composition
Population composition refers to the structure of the population.
Kenya-
Birth and death rates both are high is broad at the base and rapidly narrows towards the top
India-
Death rates (especially amongst the very young) are decreasing; the pyramid is broad in the younger age groups, because more infants survive to adulthood.
Japan-
low birth rates make the pyramid narrow at the base
Decreased death rates allow numbers of people to reach old age.
Factors Affecting Distribution of Population
Social, Cultural and Economic Factors
Patterns of Population Change
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