Which of the following land arrangements were prevalent after the application of permanent settlemen...........

Ancient and Medival History Later Mughals and Advent of Europeans

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Which of the following land arrangements were prevalent after the application of permanent settlement in Rural Bengal?

1. Zamindars were responsible for paying revenue to the company and distributing the revenue demand over villages.

2. Each village ryot paid rent to the zamindar.

3. Jotedars gave out loans to ryots and sold their produce.

Select the correct answer using the codes below.

1&2 only

2 only

2&3 only

All the above

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Explanation:

Earlier zamindars in Bengal, Bihar and Odisha had been functionaries who held the right to collect revenue on behalf of the Mughal emperor and his representative, the diwan, in Bengal.The diwan supervised the zamindars to ensure they were neither lax nor overly stringent.When the East India Company was awarded the diwani or overlordship of Bengal they changed the system by giving zamindars more power in certain areas and assuming the ownership of land by themselves.
Statement 3: Jotedars were powerful people who were often rich ryots. Next in hierarchy were Ryots who cultivated some land and gave out the rest to under-ryots. Under-ryots paid rent to the ryots.