With reference to the Nalanda and Taxila universities consider the following statements 1 Nalanda wa...........

Ancient and Medieval History(HCS) Gupta and Post Gupta

With reference to the Nalanda and Taxila universities, consider the following statements:

1. Nalanda was a formal university in the modern sense of the word whereas Taxila functioned under more informal conditions.

2. Nalanda and Taxila had almost all the infrastructure namely, multiple classrooms, extensive library, accommodation for professors, etc.

3. Both Taxila and Nalanda university had disciplines of Astronomy, Mathematics, Politics and Science.

Which of the above given statements is/are correct?

1, 2 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1 only

All of the above

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Explanation:

Nalanda Vs Taxila Both Nalanda and Taxila universities were renowned ancient institutions of higher learning.
However, while Nalanda was a formal university in the modern sense of the word, Taxila functioned under more informal conditions.
(Hence statement 1 is correct) Nalanda had almost all the infrastructure we associate with a good university in today's time, namely, multiple classrooms, extensive library, dormitories for students, accommodation for professors, etc.
On the other hand, Taxila University did not have any lecture halls nor did it provide residential quarters for its teachers or students.
(Hence statement 2 is incorrect).
There was no centralized system of schooling or syllabus in Taxila.
Taxila followed no system of examinations, and did not award degrees to its students.
The education system there was flexible, and was modified according to a student's capabilities.
Also, the teachers of Taxila worked with complete autonomy, forming their own school of learning with their specific set of rules and manner of functioning.
Most of these schools were run by teachers in their private houses, and received no formal infrastructural support from the Taxila University, unlike Nalanda.
As far as the objective of imparting knowledge is concerned, both Taxila and Nalanda universities were very effective institutions, but their manner of functioning differed drastically, with Nalanda University being more structured than Taxila.
Nalanda university had disciplines of Astronomy, Mathematics, Politics and Science; while Taxila university was mainly associated with teaching of Vedic literature and art skills like archery and hunting only.
(Hence statement 3 is not correct).
Scholars like Nagarjuna, Panini, Chanakya, Prasanajit, and Jeevka (son of Bimbisara) all came to Taxila to study before they became important personalities in Indian history.
Alexander took some scholars from Taxila to Greece.
While Dinnaga (one of the Buddhist founders of Indian logic), Dharmapala (second ruler of the Pala Empire of Bengal region) were great scholars from Nalanda.