Pattinappalai an ancient Sangam literature text is devoted to the description of an ancient port cit...........

Ancient and Medieval History(HCS) Ancient South Indian History

Pattinappalai, an ancient Sangam literature text, is devoted to the description of an ancient port city of Chola kingdom. Which one of the following ancient port cities, is described in Pattinappalai?

Poompuhar

Nagapattinam

Kayalpattinam

Cuddalore

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Explanation:

Poompuhar or Kaveripoompattinam (also known as Puhar), was an ancient port city established at the mouth of river Kaveri by Chola king Karikala around 1st AD.
The port city became the new capital of the Chola kingdom during the reign of Karikala.
It was a major center of trade in historical times.
An entire Sangam collection, the Pattinappalai, is devoted to a description of this place.
It contains 301 lines, of which 296 lines are about the port city of Kaveripattinam.
The literary and archaeological evidence suggests the presence of specialized crafts such as metal working, bead making, and weaving; the descriptions of markets that existed in the port city.
Hence option (a) is the correct answer.
The ancient Tamil epic poem Silappadikaram also describes the busy and bustling markets of Puhar.
Wherein Puhar is described as having two parts—the pattinappakkam or akanagar (residential area) and the maruvurpakkam (coastal port area).
The epic also refers to Jaina ascetics and to temples and charitable institutions of the Jainas at Puhar.
The port city of Poompuhar vanished from maritime history around 1,000 years ago.
According to the Department of Science and Technology (DST), it was submerged due to “kadalkol” or rising sea levels.
The DST has undertaken a project to digitally reconstruct Poompuhar under its Indian Digital Heritage project.
Nagapattinam became prominent in the Chola period, the city was an ancient port known to have traded with Europe in Greek and Roman times.
Kaveripattinam too was important, but less so compared to Nagapattinam from the 11th century onwards.
Under Raja Raja Chola (medieval times) Nagapattinam was the prominent port of Cholas for trade and conquering gateway to the east.
Kayalpattinam was a famous port next to Korkai in the 12th and 13th Centuries, situated 30 kms from Thoothukudi.
Cuddalore District is located in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
From ancient times the old town has been a seaport.
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.