Explanation:

Answer: (d).
A process to upgrade the quality of data before it is moved into a data warehouse. 

Data scrubbing, also referred to as data cleansing, is the process of amending or removing data in a database that is incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted or duplicated. Organizations indata-intensive industries like banking, insurance, retail, telecommunications and transportation use data scrubbing tools to systematically examine data for flaws.

Typically, a database scrubbing tool includes programs that are capable of correctingspecific types of mistakes, such as adding missing zip codes or finding duplicate records. Using a data scrubbing tool can save a database administrator a significant amount of time and can be less costly than fixing errors manually.