Explanation:

The Energy consumption in the integrated steel plants in India is 6.5 Giga Calorie per tonne of crude steel. It is high as compared to 4.5-5.0 in steel plants abroad. The higher rate of energy consumption is mainly due to obsolete technologies including problems in retrofitting modern technologies in old plants, old shop floor & operating practices, poor quality of raw material viz. high ash coal/coke, high alumina iron ore etc.