Explanation:

Interspecific interactions arise from the interaction of populations of two different species. They could be beneficial, detrimental or neutral (neither harm nor benefit) to one of the species or both.

• Both the species benefit in mutualism and both lose in competition in their interactions with each other. Hence pair 1 is correctly matched. Lichens result from the symbiotic union between fungi and algae or fungi and cyanobacteria. The fungus receives nutrients obtained from the photosynthetic algae or bacteria, while the algae or bacteria receive food, protection, and stability from the fungus. Clownfish and sea anemones have a mutualistic relationship in which each party provides valuable services for the other. Clownfish live within the protective tentacles of the sea anemone. In return, the sea anemone receives cleaning and protection.
• In both parasitism and predation, only one species benefits (parasite and predator, respectively) and the interaction is detrimental to the other species (host and prey, respectively). Hence pair 2 is correctly matched. The best-known examples of predation involve carnivorous interactions, in which one animal consumes another, such as tiger eating deer. Carnivorous plants, such as the Venus fly trap and the pitcher plant, consume insects are also examples of Predation.
• The interaction where one species is benefitted and the other is neither benefitted nor harmed is called commensalism. In amensalism, on the other hand, one species is harmed whereas the other is unaffected. Hence pair 3 is not correctly matched. One of the best-known examples of commensalism is the remora (family Echineidae) that rides attached to sharks and other fishes.
• Predation, parasitism, and commensalism share a common characteristic– the interacting species live closely together.