Consider the following statements regarding India rsquo s Nuclear programme In the first stage India...........

Science and Technology (Easy) Nuclear related Issues

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Consider the following statements regarding India’s Nuclear programme

In the first stage, India is using natural uranium as fuel to pressurised Heavy water Reactors(PHWR).
In the Second Stage, plutonium reprocessed from the spent fuel of the PHWRs, depleted uranium and thorium kept in the blanket form will be used as fuel to power a series of breeder reactors. Thorium used in the breeders gets converted into uranium- 233, a fissile material.
In the third stage, reactors will use thorium and uranium- 233 to generate electricity.
India’s Nuclear Fuel Complex is in Hydrabad.

Which of the above statements are correct?

1and 3

1, 3 and4

1, 2,and 3

All of the above

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Explanation:

Three Stage programme

Stage one – Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor uses Natural UO2 as fuel matrix, Heavy water as moderator and coolant.
In the reactor, the first two plants were of boiling water reactors based on imported technology. Subsequent plants are of PHWR type through indigenous R&D efforts. India achieved complete self- reliance in this technology and this stage of the programme is in the industrial domain.
The future plan includes the setting up of VVER type i.e. Russian version of the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) is under progress to augment power generation.
MOX fuel (Mixed oxide) is developed and introduced at Tarapur to conserve fuel and to develop new fuel technology.
Second stage of nuclear power generation envisages the use of Pu-239 obtained from the first stage reactor operation, as the fuel core in fast breeder reactors (FBR).
Third phase of India’s Nuclear Power Generation programme is, breeder reactors using U-233 fuel.
India’s vast thorium deposits permit design and operation of U-233 fuelled breeder reactors.

Nuclear Fuel Complex, Hyderabad is an industrial unit of the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India. NFC is the only organization in India which caters to the fuel requirements of nuclear power reactors.

Hence option 4th is correct.