Explanation:

- Industrial growth: Urban expansion often leads to increased industrial activities. Cities provide infrastructure and resources necessary for industries to thrive.

- Modern Service Sector growth: Urban areas are hubs for service sectors such as technology, finance, and education. This growth is driven by better facilities and workforce availability.

- Creation of improved income opportunities: As cities grow, job opportunities increase. People in urban areas often have access to better-paying jobs and diverse employment options.

- All of the above: Urban expansion supports industrial growth, modern service sector development, and creates improved income opportunities.

Option 4: All of the above is correct.

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