Explanation:

Nalanda was an acclaimed Mahavihara, a large Buddhist monastery in the ancient kingdom of Magadha (modern-day Bihar) in India. The site is located about 95 kilometres (59 mi) southeast of Patna near the town of Bihar Sharif, and was a centre of learning from the fifth century CE to c. 1200 CE. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The highly formalized methods of Vedic learning helped inspire the establishment of large teaching institutions such as Taxila, Nalanda, and Vikramashila which are often characterised as India’s early universities.

Valabhi situated on the eastern side of Kathiawar. This centre also flourished about the same period when Nalanda was in its glory. Valabhi was a parallel centre of the Hinayana School of Buddhism as Nalanda was the centre of Mahayana School. It was a capital of an important kingdom and side by side a part of an international importance. In the middle of 7th century, Sthirmati and Gunmati, the eminent scholars of Buddhism, were in this centre. This centre was famous not only as a centre of Buddhist culture and learning but also for the religious tolerance and mental freedom. The graduates of Valabhi were appointed in high government services.