Explanation:

- Soft water: Lacks high amounts of dissolved minerals, particularly calcium and magnesium. It's ideal for cleaning and laundering because it lathers with soap easily.

- Heavy water: Contains a higher proportion of deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen. It is used in nuclear reactors and has different physical properties than regular water.

- Hard water: Contains soluble salts of calcium and magnesium. These minerals prevent soap from lathering and can cause scaling in pipes and appliances.

- Mineral water: Contains various dissolved minerals. It's often bottled at the source and may have health benefits due to its mineral content.