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Different Types of microscope: Optical Microscopes: Optical microscope uses visible light (or UV light in the case of fluorescence microscopy) to sharply magnify the samples. The light rays refract with optical lenses. Dating back to the first microscopes that were invented, it is found that they belonged to this category. Optical microscopes can be further subdivided into several categories:
X-ray Microscope: As the name suggests, these microscopes use a beam of x-rays to create an image. Due to the small wavelength, the image resolution is higher than in optical microscopes. The maximum useful magnification is therefore also higher and is between the optical microscopes and electron microscopes. One advantage of x-ray microscopes over electron microscopes is, that it is possible to observe living cells. Scanning acoustic microscope (SAM): These devices use focused sound waves to generate an image. They are used in materials science to detect small cracks or tensions in materials. SAMs can also be used in biology where they help to uncover tensions, stress and elasticity inside biological structure.
Neutron Microscope: These microscopes are still in an experimental stage. They have a high resolution and may offer better contrast than other forms of microscopy. Electron Microscopes: Modern electron microscopes can magnify up to 2 million times. This is possible, because the wavelength of high energy electrons is very small. At the same time, the high energy electrons are pretty tough on the sample being observed. It may take a long time to completely dehydrate and prepare the specimen. Some biological specimens also need to be coated with a very thin layer of a metal before they can be observed. Types:
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