Explanation:

Pre-testing, also known as copy testing, is a specialized field of marketing research that determines an ad’s effectiveness based on consumer responses, feedback, and behavior. Pre-testing is conducted before implementing the advertisement to customers. The following methods can be followed to pre-test an advertisement:

• Focus group discussion
• In-depth interview
• Projective techniques
• Checklist method
• Consumer jury method
• Sales area test
• Questionnaire method
• Recall test
• Readability test
• Eye movement test