Explanation:

A researcher Dowling having reviewed the literature available on international HRM concluded that it included more “functions and activities, broader perspectives, more involvement in employee’s personal life, changes in emphasis as the work force mix Parent Company Nationals (PCNs) varies.

Host Country National (HCNs) varies, risk exposure, more external influences. Depending on the distinct international context, there cannot be a single approach as perfect and foolproof for managing human resources at international level.