The NITI Aayog's report "Expanding Quality Higher Education through States and State Public Universities (SPUs)," highlights major challenges and proposes reforms to improve India's higher education system.

Key Issues Identified:

• Faculty Shortages: Over 40% of faculty positions in SPUs remain vacant, impacting student-teacher ratios and research quality.
• Outdated Infrastructure: Only 10% of SPUs have adequate research facilities, and 32% possess fully functional digital libraries.
• Financial Constraints: Lower tuition fees in SPUs make education accessible but hinder financial sustainability and infrastructure improvements.

Recommendations:

• Increase Public Investment: Allocate 6% of GDP to higher education as per NEP 2020.
• Performance-Based Funding: Link financial support to academic and research performance.
• Autonomy & Governance: Strengthen decision-making powers for SPUs and improve recruitment processes.
• Enhance Employability: Promote industry collaborations, internships, and entrepreneurship programs.
• Boost Research & Innovation: Establish Centres of Excellence and introduce a National Research Policy.

The report emphasizes the crucial role of SPUs in India's education system and calls for urgent reforms to enhance quality, inclusivity, and global competitiveness.