Explanation:

- Negotiation:

- This is a process where parties meet to discuss and settle their disputes voluntarily without external interference.

- The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, does not explicitly list negotiation as a provision.

- Your understanding here is correct.

- Conciliation:

- Involves a neutral third party, often a government official, who helps facilitate dialogue between disputing parties.

- Aimed at reaching a mutually agreeable solution.

- Provided under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.

- Mediation:

- Similar to conciliation but more informal.

- Involves a mediator who assists but does not make binding decisions.

- Not specifically provided under the Act.

- Arbitration:

- A process where a neutral third party gives a binding decision on the dispute.

- Provided as a voluntary option under the Act.