Explanation:

- Pluralist approach: This approach suggests that the workplace is made up of diverse groups with different interests, and power is distributed across various parties, such as management and trade unions.

- System approach: Views the organization as an interrelated system. It emphasizes the interaction between different components of an organization, both internal and external, focusing on how they influence each other.

- Unitarist approach: Centralized authority resides solely with management. It highlights a team-oriented environment where conflicts are seen as rare, and loyalty to the organization is prioritized.

- Social action approach: Focuses on individual and collective social actions and their effects on shaping society and behaviors within an organization.