Explanation:

- Option 1: Pluralist approach

- Recognizes multiple interests and viewpoints in an organization.

- Power is distributed, and conflict is natural and manageable.

- Option 2: System approach

- Sees organizations as complex systems with interconnected parts.

- Focuses on relationships and interactions within the organization.

- Option 3: Unitary approach

- Authority is centralized with management, no room for challenge.

- Assumes a common purpose and no fundamental conflict.

- Correct Answer

- Option 4: Social action approach

- Emphasizes individual actors and their subjective meanings.

- Focuses on the social processes and interactions that define an organization.