Explanation:

- Collective bargaining: This involves negotiations between employers and employees (usually via unions) to reach agreements on working conditions, pay, and other workplace issues.

- Labour legislation: Industrial relations also cover the laws and regulations that govern the relationship between workers, employers, and unions, ensuring fair practices and rights for all parties.

- Industrial relations training: This helps both employees and management understand their roles and responsibilities in maintaining good working relationships and managing conflicts at work.

- All of the above : Industrial relations is a broad field that includes all these areas.