Explanation:

- Lay off:

- Temporary or permanent dismissal of employees.

- Typically due to business needs like financial downturns.

- Not initiated by employees.

- Lock out:

- Employers prevent workers from entering the workplace.

- Used as a tactic during labor disputes.

- Initiated by employers, not workers.

- Closure:

- Permanent shutdown of a business or part of it.

- Can happen due to financial failures or strategic reasons.

- Employers decide on closures.

- Strike:

- Workers refuse to work to gain concessions from employers.

- Used to pressure employers for better terms.

- A collective, final resort tactic by workers.