Who among the following has criticised compulsory arbitration on four main grounds ........

Industrial Relation and labour law Industrial Relations

Who among the following has criticised compulsory arbitration on four main grounds?

Alexander Frey

V.V. Giri

Mahatma Gandhi

N.M. Joshi

The compulsory arbitration has also been criticized by Alexander Frey on the following grounds:

The minimizing effect which it exercises upon genuine bargaining by disputants.
The absence of standards without which the adjudicator cannot avoid being either arbitrary or reactionary.
Its tendency to increase rather than to diminish disputes because of the probable reluctance of at least one of the parties to live with the adjudicator’s order.
The impracticability of enforcing decrees.