Explanation:

The Royal Commission on Labour or the Whitley Commission on Labour was set up in 1929 to inquire into the existing conditions of labour in industrial undertakings and plantations in India. The Commission was chaired by John Henry Whitley. The commission submitted its report in 1931. The report surprised many by concurring with the criticisms of Mahatma Gandhi and others that poverty was the cause of India's social and industrial problems. It was also critical of British employers' role in perpetuating the problems.

The Royal Commission on Labour in 1931 pointed out the need for systematic collection of labour statistics. It observed that the policy must be built on facts as the uncertainty of facts would lead to confusion and conflict regarding its aim. The Commission recommended the adoption of suitable legislation enabling the Competent Authority to collect and collate information regarding the living, working and socio-economic conditions of industrial labour.

Whitley was offered a knighthood for his work on this report, but he declined.

A Whitley Council is a workplace partnership institution in the UK and elsewhere that serves as a forum between employers and employees. During World War I, in 1917, John Henry Whitley chaired a committee which produced a report on the ‘Relations of Employers and Employees’ . The smooth running of industry was vital to the war effort, so good industrial relations were a priority. He proposed a system of regular formal consultative meetings between workers and employers, known to this day as Whitley Councils. These are empowered to cover issues of pay and conditions of service