Read the following passage and answer the items that follow Your answer to these items should b...........

English Comprehension Reading Comprehension (C)

Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answer to these items should be based on the passages only.

Passage

India faces a challenging immediate future in energy and climate policy-making. The problems are multiple : sputtering fossil fuel production capability; limited access to electricity and modern cooking fuel for the poorest; rising fuel imports in an unstable global energy context; continued electricity pricing and governance challenges leading to its costly deficits or surplus supply; and not least, growing environmental contestation around land, water and air. But all is not bleak: growing energy efficiency programmes; integrated urbanisation and transport policy discussions; inroads to enhancing energy access and security; and bold renewable energy initiatives, even if not fully conceptualized, suggest the promise of transformation.

Q. Which one of the following statements best reflects the critical message conveyed by the passage given above?

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Complete-Test, Previous year (2021)

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India’s energy decision-making process is ever more complex and interconnected.

India’s energy and climate policy is heavily tuned to sustainable development goals.

India’s energy and climate actions are not compatible with its broader social, economic and environmental goals.

India’s energy decision-making process is straightforward supply-oriented and ignores the demand side.

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Explanation:

Option (1) is correct- As the passage talks about the challenges and prospects of energy and climate policy. The problems are multiple & the mention of myriad factors like sputtering fossil fuel production capabilities, unstable global market, etc. illustrates how the energy decision-making process is complex and interconnected.
Option (2) is an incorrect-The statement only talks about India's energy policy tuned to sustainable development goals. It does not talk about the variety of functions that are involved in energy and climate policymaking.
Option (3) is an incorrect-This option only talks about how climate actions are not compatible with social and economic goals. Thus, it does not reflect the critical message of the passage which deals with the complexities of policymaking in the energy sector and the few bright spots we have.
Option (4) is incorrect- As the passage considers demand-side fluctuations as well by mentioning rising fuel imports. In addition, it is very much evident in the passage that the policy and decisionmaking process is complex due to several factors like import deficit, saturated production capabilities, etc.