Context: Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) have achieved a significant breakthrough in assistive technology for individuals with paralysis.

Meaning of the context:  They have developed a brain-computer interface (BCI) that allows a paralysed man to control a robotic arm simply by imagining the movements he wishes to execute.

Learning Corner:

• A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a technology that enables direct communication between the human brain and an external device (such as a computer or prosthetic limb), bypassing traditional neural pathways.

How It Works:

• Neural signals (electrical activity in the brain) are detected using electrodes or implants.
• Signals are decoded using algorithms and converted into commands.
• These commands control external devices or software (e.g., moving a robotic arm, cursor movement).

Types of BCI:

• Invasive: Electrodes implanted directly into the brain (e.g., Neuralink).
• Semi-invasive: Electrodes placed on the surface of the brain.
• Non-invasive: EEG (Electroencephalography) caps worn on the scalp.

Applications:

• Medical: Restoring mobility in paralysis, aiding speech in locked-in syndrome.
• Military: Human-enhancement and drone control.
• Neuroprosthetics: Controlling robotic limbs, exoskeletons.
• Gaming & Communication: Mind-controlled interfaces.

Source : The Hindu