Context: Recently, the Shiveluch volcano in Russia experienced a major eruption following a powerful 7.0 magnitude earthquake off the east coast of Kamchatka. This event is part of the ongoing active phase of the volcano.

• The earthquake’s epicentre was located about 55 miles from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, a city on the Kamchatka Peninsula.

About Shiveluch Volcano

• It is a stratovolcano characterized by its composition of alternating layers of solidified ash, hardened lava, and volcanic rocks.

• Location: It is the northernmost active volcano in Kamchatka Krai, Russia.

• Shiveluch is one of Kamchatka’s most active volcanic structures, with at least 60 significant eruptions recorded during the Holocene period. Its current phase of activity began around 900 BC and continues to this day, with frequent eruptions.

• Eruptions from Shiveluch often produce volcanic ash emissions that can disrupt air traffic, particularly on routes connecting Asia and North America.

About Kamchatka Peninsula

• It is situated in the far eastern part of Russia. It is bounded by the Sea of Okhotsk to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east.

• The peninsula stretches about 1,250 kilometers (780 miles) in length.

• It is home to over 160 volcanoes, 29 of which are active. Notable volcanoes include Klyuchevskaya Sopka (the tallest) and Kronotsky (famous for its cone shape).

• It is also home to the Valley of Geysers which is one of the largest geothermal fields in the world. It is also UNESCO World heritage site.

• Climate: It is characterized by long, cold winters and short, cool summers. Coastal areas have milder temperatures, while the interior experiences more extreme cold. Heavy snowfall and frequent fog are common over there. Rivers and streams are abundant with Pacific salmon.

• Flora and Fauna: It is rich in biodiversity. It is dominated by Coniferous forests with tundra landscapes in the northern areas.

• It is famous for its large population of brown bears, especially during the salmon spawning season. Marine animals such as seals, sea lions, and whales are also found there.

• Cultural and Historical Significance: The area is inhabited by indigenous peoples like the Itelmen, Koryaks, and Evens for thousands of years. The first Russian settlement established in the late 17th century. It also served as a strategic military region during the Soviet era.