Explanation:

Rowlatt satyagraha :

• In the Rowlatt Satyagraha of 1919,Gandhiji sought to move to a campaign that proposed to involve the entire nation.
• The movement was aimed against the two bills prepared by a committee under Justice S.A.T. Rowlatt, to provide the government with additional coercive power to deal with terrorism. One of the bills was passed in the Imperial Legislative Assembly on 18 March 1919 over the unanimous protests of the Indian members. Ever since the content of the bill was published, Gandhi proposed to resist it with Satyagraha.
• He decided to launch a nationwide movement, starting with a general strike or hartal on 6 April. But the movement soon lapsed into violence, particularly after Gandhi’s arrest on 9 April.
• By mid-April the satyagraha had started losing momentum, forcing Gandhiji to withdraw it. As a political campaign, therefore, it was a manifest failure, since it failed to secure its only aim, i.e., the repeal of the Rowlatt Act. It also lapsed into violence, although it was meant to be non- violent. Gandhi admitted to having committed a Himalayan blunder by offering the weapon of satyagraha to people insuffi ciently trained in the discipline of non-violence.