Explanation:

Urban Local Government’ in India means the governance of a specific urban area, demarcated for this purpose by the state government, by the people through their elected representatives.

There are 8 types of urban local governments in India.

74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 constitutionalised the system of urban government.

At the Central level, ‘urban local government’ is dealt by -

1. Ministry of Urban Development (created as a separate ministry in 1985).

2. Ministry of Defense (in the case of cantonment boards).

3. Ministry of Home Affairs (in the case of Union Territories).

Evolution of urban local bodies -
It was during the British rule that the institutions of urban local government originated and developed in modern India.

1687-88 - First municipal corporation in India was set up at Madras.

1726 - Municipal corporations were set up in Bombay and Calcutta.

1870 - Lord Mayo’s Resolution of 1870 on ‘financial decentralization’ envisaged development of local self-government institutions.

1882 - Lord Ripon’s Resolution of 1882 was hailed as the ‘Magna Carta’ of local self-government.

He is called as the father of local-self-government in India.

1907 - The Royal Commission on decentralization was appointed in 1907.

It submitted its report in 1909. Its chairman was Hob house.

1919 - Under the dyarchical scheme introduced in Provinces by the Government of India Act of 1919, local self-government became a transferred subject under the charge of a responsible Indian minister.