Explanation:

Under Article 352 of the Indian Constitution, the president can declare an emergency when the security of India or a part of it is threatened by war, external aggression, or armed rebellion. This is popularly known as a 'National Emergency'. However, the Constitution employs the expression 'proclamation of emergency' to denote an emergency of this type. • The phrase 'armed rebellion' was inserted by the 44th Amendment Act of 1978, replacing the original phrase 'internal disturbance'. • Other Key provisions of the 44th Amendment Act of 1978: o Fundamental Rights: The 44th Amendment Act restored the right to property as a legal right, but it was removed as a fundamental right. This meant that property rights were still protected, but they could no longer be enforced through a direct constitutional remedy. o Right to Life: The amendment added "personal liberty" to Article 21 of the Constitution, making it more comprehensive. o Abolition of Privy Purses: The amendment abolished the privy purse and special privileges granted to the former princely states after Independence. o Anti-Defection Law: The Tenth Schedule was added to the Constitution by the 44th Amendment Act, which aimed to curb political defections • Further, it made President to declare a national emergency only on the written recommendation of the cabinet. • Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.