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Methanol made its debut indirectly into the Indian fuel pool in the very first decade of the new Millenium, when biodiesel – made from methanol and non-edible plant-derived oils such as jatropha oil or palm stearin – was included in the National Policy for Biofuels in 2009. The use of methanol directly as a fuel or blendstock was explicitly recognised within the policy framework in 2018.Methanol is a relatively easy option for blending up to 15 per cent in gasoline – an option offering immediate benefits on air quality without major changes to vehicles, locomotives or farm equipment. However, to address the two other imperatives – reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and reduction in foreign currency outflow from fuel imports – it will be necessary to establish significantly more methanol capacity in India. As of now, India is a net importer –but coal to methanol and biomass-to-methanol plants could change that provided scalable technologies are developed in a cost-effective manner and deployed quickly. Another low-hanging fruit is available in the form of stranded gas – output from gas fields that cannot be captured to pipelines for a variety of reasons – which is either vented (causing methane emissions, which have a global warming potential approximately 30 times that of CO2) or flared (producing CO2 emissions and losing the energy value inherent in the gas). Such stranded gas could, in theory, be converted on-site through catalytic processes to methanol and then transported easily via tank lorries to users or to blending stations.Technology along these lines is under development; efforts to deploy them quickly are likely to be beneficial for India.

Several countries have explored use of methanol as a fuel blendstock. Successful demonstrations of M15 (15% methanol by volume blended in gasoline), M85 and M100 were carried out in the USA and EU as far back as the early 1990s. Low blending up to 3% methanol in gasoline is permitted, according to EU specifications. Sixteen Chinese provinces have issued local standards on methanol-blended fuel since 2004.A study by Argus Media suggests that in 2016, roughly 200,000 barrels of methanol were blended daily into the Chinese petrol pool of about 3 million barrels per day (bpd).