India is one of the mega bio diverse countries of the world and it was the one of few countries to enact a comprehension Biological Diversity Act in 2002 to give effect to the provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992. The concept of sustainable development was formed at the UN meeting held at the Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Yet India and the world have miles to go before we can claim notable success and fulfilling the objectives of the summit like these. The discussion regarding whether the capacity of the Earth's limited natural resources would be able to continually support the existence of the increasing human population gained prominence with the Malthusian population theory in the early 1800s.In India, 1921 is considered as the year of great divide because after that the population of the country was continuously increasing. It was the beginning of concern of the country towards the goal of sustainable development.

Sustainability can be defined as the practice of maintaining processes of productivity, either natural or human made by replacing resources used with resources of equal or greater value without endangering natural biotic system. The clear definition of sustainable development is the "development which meet the need of present without harming the environment". In 2012, 20 years after the first Rio Earth Summit, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) or Rio+ 20 was held. The conference focused on two themes in the context of sustainable development: greeneconomy and an institutional framework. India has played an important role in sustainable development goals that is (SDGs) the responsibility for overseeing implementation has been assigned to national institution for transforming India (NITI Ayog) whose chairperson is Prime Minister. The primary goal is to end poverty in all forms from everywhere.India has continued its program of economic reforms to achieve sustained growth. Hence, government had taken initial steps to weep out poverty by introducing following schemes: The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNGREGA) , Swachh Bharat mission, Deen dayal hojata, etc. The secondary aim is to ensure healthy lives and promote well beings of all ages. Over the last 2 years, more than 39 million households toilet has been constructed moreover 193000 villages and 531 cities have been successful in ending the practice of open defecation.

Answer the following questions from the above paragraph-

Q-1: When the discussion of sustainable development gained prominence with the Malthusian population theory?                                  

Q-2: When there was the beginning of concern for sustainable development in India ?                                                        

Q-3: Which two themes were focused in the UNCSD conference in the context of sustainable development?                       

Q-4: The responsibilities for overseeing implementation has been assigned to which institution in India?                            

Q-5: What were the initial steps taken by the government to weep out poverty ?